JLPT N5 Comparison and degree
は～より～です and より～ほうが compare two things, while 一番 and の中で～が一番 pick the top of a group. とても and すぎる express degree; すぎる means "too much" and attaches to verb and adjective stems. Learners often mix up which side より attaches to: it marks the thing being surpassed.
6 N5 grammar points in this group
とても (totemo): very; extremely
とても is an adverb of degree. It says “to a high degree” about the word that follows it.
今日はとても暑いです。 — It's very hot today.
すぎる (sugiru): too much
On its own, 過ぎる means "to pass by" or "to go past" (time passes, a train passes a station). As a grammar ending, it keeps that image: the action or quality has passed the line of what is good, normal, or acceptable.
このかばんは高すぎます。 — This bag is too expensive.
は〜より・・・です (wa yori desu): is more than
The pattern compares two things on one quality:
電車はバスより速いです。 — Trains are faster than buses.
より～ほうが (yori hou ga): more than
The pattern has two markers, each with a clear job:
バスより電車のほうが速いです。 — Trains are faster than buses.
一番 (ichiban): the most or number one
一番 marks the item at the top of a group for some quality.
寿司が一番 — Sushi is my favorite.
の中で[A]が一番 (no naka de ga ichiban): out of this group; A is the best
The pattern ranks one item above everything else in a group.
果物の中でりんごが一番好きです。 — Of all fruits, I like apples best.