JLPT N1 grammar list — every N1 pattern explained.
Native-level nuance and literary Japanese.
JLPT N1 grammar covers the most idiomatic, literary, and rhetorical patterns of written Japanese. N1 patterns appear in editorials, academic papers, classical-flavored writing, and formal speeches. Many N1 grammar points are about register and stance, not new structures — knowing which pattern fits which context is what the test really measures.
Topics covered at JLPT N1:
- highly formal and literary endings (まじき, ずにはおかない, を余儀なくされる)
- idiomatic expressions (にして, ともなると, とあれば)
- subjective stance markers (てやまない, てたまらない, ものを)
- classical-derived forms (べからず, べく, んがため)
- tone-shifting connectives
- reading editorials and academic prose
Turn JLPT N1 grammar into short iPhone practice rounds.
Use this archive as your reading path, then practice the same kind of grammar, kanji, vocabulary, and reading recall in Hane. For the commercial-intent overview, visit the JLPT prep app page or the full Japanese learning app page.
All JLPT N1 grammar lessons
敢えて: dare to; daringly; deliberately; purposely ~
Learn how to use 敢えて, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning dare to or deliberately, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
あくまでも: to the end; persistently; absolutely; is still very ~
Learn how to use あくまでも, a JLPT N1 adverb meaning 'to the end; persistently; absolutely; is still very ~', with formation, nuance, and JLPT examples.
案の定: just as one thought; as usual; sure enough
Learn how to use 案の定, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning just as one thought, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
あらかじめ: beforehand; in advance; previously
Learn how to use あらかじめ, a JLPT N1 Japanese adverb meaning beforehand, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
あっての: which can exist solely due to the presence of; which owes everything to
Learn how to use あっての, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning which owes everything to, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ばこそ: only because ~
Learn how to use ばこそ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning only because ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ばそれまでだ / たらそれまでだ: if… then it’s over
Learn how to use ばそれまでだ / たらそれまでだ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning if… then it’s over, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
べからず / べからざる: must not; should not; do not ~
Learn how to use べからず / べからざる, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning must not, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
べく: in order to; for the purpose of ~
Learn how to use べく, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'in order to', with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
べくもない: cannot possibly be
Learn べくもない (beku mo nai), an N1 grammar meaning 'cannot possibly be; there's no way that…', with formation, nuance, examples, and comparison to はずがない.
べくして: as it is bound to (happen); following the natural course
Learn how to use べくして, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning as it is bound to happen, with formation, nuance, examples, comparisons, and practice.
びる / びて / びた: to seem to be; to appear; to behave as ~
Learn how to use びる and its conjugations びて, びた, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning to seem to be; to appear; to behave as ~, with examples and comparisons.
ぶり / っぷり: style; manner; way
Learn how to use ぶり / っぷり, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning style; manner; way, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ぶる / ぶって / ぶった: assuming the air of; behaving like; to pretend / act like ~
Learn how to use ぶる・ぶって・ぶった, a JLPT N1 grammar pattern meaning 'assuming the air of; acting like', with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
だに: even; not even ~
Learn how to use だに／だにしない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning even or not even, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
だの～だの: and; and the like; and so forth ~
Learn how to use だの～だの, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning and; and the like; and so forth ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
だろうに: (1) surely..., but ~; although... is likely, ~ (2) should have (regret); might / must have been ~
Learn how to use だろうに, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning surely... but ~ or should have (regret), with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
であれ～であれ: whether [A] or [B]
Learn how to use であれ～であれ, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning whether, regardless of, be it A or B, with structure, examples, and comparisons.
であれ / であろうと: whoever; whatever; however; even ~
Learn how to use であれ and であろうと, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning whoever, whatever, even, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
でもあり～でもある: to also be; both… and ~
Learn how to use でもあり～でもある, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to also be; both… and ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
でも何でもない / くも何ともない: not in the least; nothing like that
Learn how to use でも何でもない / くも何ともない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning not in the least, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
でなくてなんだろう: must be; is definitely ~
Learn how to use でなくてなんだろう, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning must be, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ではあるまいか: isn't it; I wonder if it’s not ~
Learn how to use ではあるまいか, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning “isn’t it; I wonder if it’s not,” with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ではあるまいし: it’s not like; it isn’t as if ~
Learn how to use ではあるまいし, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning it’s not like, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
では済まない: it doesn’t end with just ~; it will take more than ~
Learn how to use では済まない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning it doesn’t end with just ~; it will take more than ~, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
どうにも～ない: not … by any means; no matter how hard one tries, cannot ~
Learn how to use どうにも〜ない, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning not … by any means, with examples, nuance, and comparisons.
が早いか: no sooner than; as soon as ~
Learn how to use が早いか, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning no sooner than, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
が/も～なら、～も～だ: like father, like son; both are equally bad
Learn が/も～なら、～も～だ, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning 'like father, like son' – expressing that two people or things share the same negative trait, with examples, nuance, comparisons, and practice.
がましい: look like; sound like; approximate; similar to; somewhat like ~
Learn how to use がましい, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'look like; sound like; somewhat like ~', with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
がてら: while; on the same occasion; at the same time; coincidentally ~
Learn how to use がてら, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning while or on the same occasion, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ごとき・ごとく・ごとし: like; as if; the same as ~
Learn how to use ごとき, ごとく, and ごとし, JLPT N1 grammar meaning like, as if, with structure, nuances, examples, and comparisons to ようだ.
ぐるみ: together (with); -wide
Learn how to use ぐるみ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning together (with) or -wide, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
羽目になる: to get stuck with; to end up with (something unpleasant)
Learn how to use 羽目になる, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to get stuck with, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ほどのことではない: it's not worth; no need to ~
Learn how to use ほどのことではない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning it's not worth; no need to, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ほうがましだ: better than; would rather ~
Learn how to use ほうがましだ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning better than, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
放題: doing as one pleases; to one's heart's content; leaving uncontrolled
Learn how to use 放題, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning doing as one pleases, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
いかんだ / いかんでは / いかんによっては: in accordance with; depending on; whether or not ~
Learn how to use いかんだ / いかんでは / いかんによっては, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning in accordance with, depending on, whether or not, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
いかんにかかわらず / いかんによらず / いかんをとわず: regardless of; whether or not; doesn't matter whether ~
Learn how to use いかんにかかわらず / いかんによらず / いかんをとわず, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning regardless of, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
いかなる: any kind of; every; whatsoever; whatever
Learn how to use いかなる, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning any kind of, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
いかに: how; in what way; how much; to what extent
Learn how to use いかに, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning how or in what way, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
いかにも: indeed; really; truly; just (like); very; extremely ~
Learn how to use いかにも, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning indeed, really, truly, just like, with formation, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
いずれにしても: in any case
Learn how to use いずれにしても, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning in any case, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
いずれにしても / いずれにしろ / いずれにせよ: anyhow; anyway; either way; in any case ~
Learn how to use いずれにしても / いずれにしろ / いずれにせよ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning anyhow, anyway, either way, in any case, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
じみた: to become; to appear like; to look like; tainted with ~
Learn how to use じみた, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to appear like, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
か否か: whether or not ~
Learn how to use か否か, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning whether or not, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
かと思いきや: contrary to expectations; or so we thought, but ~
Learn how to use かと思いきや, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning contrary to expectations, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
限りだ: to feel strongly
Learn how to use 限りだ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to feel strongly, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
甲斐もなく: despite; even though ~
Learn how to use 甲斐もなく, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning despite or even though, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
可能性がある: may/might; there’s a possibility that ~
Learn how to use 可能性がある, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning may/might, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
からある / からする / からの: at least; as much as; as many as ~
Learn how to use からある, からする, and からの, JLPT N1 grammar meaning 'at least' for amounts, prices, and people, with formation, nuance, and comparisons.
かれ～かれ: sooner or later; more or less
Learn how to use かれ～かれ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning sooner or later; more or less, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
かたがた: while; at the same time; incidentally; for the purpose of ~
Learn how to use かたがた, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning while; at the same time; incidentally, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
かたわら: while; besides; at the same time; in addition
Learn how to use かたわら, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning while doing something else on the side, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
かつて: once; before; formerly; ever; former; ex-
Learn how to use かつて, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning once; before; formerly, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
嫌いがある: bad habit; to have a tendency to ~
Learn 嫌いがある, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning to have a bad habit or tendency, with usage, formation, examples, nuance, and common mistakes.
切りがない: endless; boundless; going on forever; there’s no end to ~
Learn how to use 切りがない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning endless or there’s no end to, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
きっての: the most / greatest … of all
Learn how to use きっての, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning "the most / greatest of all", with formation, nuanced usage, examples, and comparisons.
極まる / 極まりない: extremely; very ~
Learn how to use 極まる / 極まりない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning extremely, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
こそあれ: although; even though ~
Learn how to use こそあれ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning although / even though, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
こそ「～が・けれど」: but; although (emphasis)
Learn how to use こそ「～が・けれど」, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning but; although (emphasis), with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
こそすれ: and; although; but ~
Learn how to use こそすれ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'and; although; but ~', with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ことごとく: altogether; entirely; completely ~
Learn how to use ことごとく, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning altogether, entirely, or completely, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ことこの上ない / この上ない / この上なく: the most of all; the best; nothing is more ... than ~
Learn how to use ことこの上ない / この上ない / この上なく, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning the most of all, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
こともあって: partly because; also because of; plus the reason for ~
Learn how to use こともあって, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning partly because, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ことなしに: without doing something
Learn how to use ことなしに, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning without doing something, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ことのないように: so as not to; to not ~
Learn how to use ことのないように, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning so as not to, with formation, nuance, examples, comparisons, and practice.
こととて: because; since ~
Learn how to use こととて, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning because/since, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
くらいなら: rather than (do ...)
Learn how to use くらいなら, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning rather than (do ...), with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
くらいのものだ: only (emphasis)
Learn how to use くらいのものだ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'only' for strong emphasis, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
までだ / までのことだ: only; just; nothing else
Learn how to use までだ / までのことだ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning only; just; nothing else, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
までもない / までもなく: there's no need to; it’s not necessary to ~
Learn how to use までもない / までもなく, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning there's no need to, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
まじき: should not; must not ~
Learn how to use まじき, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar pattern meaning 'should not; must not,' with structure, examples, and common mistakes.
まくる: to do over and over again; to do relentlessly
Learn how to use まくる, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to do over and over again, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
まみれ: covered with; stained; smeared with ~
Learn how to use まみれ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning covered with, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
まるっきり: completely; absolutely; totally; (not) at all
Learn how to use まるっきり, a JLPT N1 adverb meaning (not) at all, completely negative, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
めく: seems; show signs of; to have the appearance of ~
Learn how to use めく, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning seems; show signs of, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
も同然だ: just like; same as
Learn how to use も同然だ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning just like; same as, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
もさることながら: one may well say so, but~; not only... but also ~
Learn もさることながら, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning 'one may well say so, but~; not only... but also ~', with examples and comparisons.
もしないで: without even doing
Learn how to use もしないで, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning without even doing, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
もはや: already; now; no longer; not anymore
Learn how to use もはや, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning already, now, or no longer, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
もので: because; for that reason
Learn how to use もので, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning because; for that reason, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ものを: if only; I wish; I'm sorry it's not actually (regret)
Learn how to use ものを, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning if only or I wish, with nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ものと思われる / ものと見られる: it is believed/expected that; to think; to suppose
Learn how to use ものと思われる and ものと見られる, JLPT N1 Japanese grammar meaning it is believed/expected, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ものとする: shall; to assume; understood as ~
Learn how to use ものとする, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning shall; to assume; understood as, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ものとして: to assume; to suppose; on the presumption that ~
Learn how to use ものとして, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to assume, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
もしくは: or; otherwise
Learn how to use もしくは, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning or; otherwise, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
んばかりに: as if; as though ~
Learn how to use んばかりに, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning as if, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
んがために: in order to
Learn how to use んがために, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning in order to, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ながらに / ながらの: while; during; without change; in that state
Learn how to use ながらに / ながらの, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'while; during; without change; in that state', with examples, comparisons, and practice.
ないまでも: not to say; although it does not reach the level of ~
Learn how to use ないまでも, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning 'not quite X, but at least Y,' with formation, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ないものでもない: is not entirely impossible
Learn how to use ないものでもない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning is not entirely impossible, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ないものか / ないものだろうか: isn't there; can’t we…?; can’t I…?
Learn how to use ないものか / ないものだろうか, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning isn't there, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ないとも限らない: not necessarily; I can't say that; maybe; might ~
Learn how to use ないとも限らない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning not necessarily or might, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
なくしては: cannot do without ~
Learn how to use なくしては, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning cannot do without ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
並み: average; ordinary; same level as; equal to; on par with ~
Learn how to use 並み, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning average, on par with, with formation, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
なんという / なんと / なんて: how (beautiful, etc.); what a ~
Learn how to use なんという, なんと, and なんて, JLPT N1 expressions meaning how, what a ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
何しろ: at any rate; after all; anyhow; anyway; in any case; because; as you know ~
Master 何しろ (nani shiro), a JLPT N1 adverb meaning at any rate, after all, anyhow, anyway, in any case, because, as you know. See formation, nuance, comparisons, and examples.
ならでは: distinctive of; uniquely applying to; special to ~
Learn how to use ならでは, a JLPT N1 grammar meaning distinctive of, with formation, examples, comparisons, and practice.
ならいざしらず / はいざしらず: I don't know about ... but; it may be possible for ... but ~
Learn how to use ならいざしらず / はいざしらず, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning I don't know about ... but, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
なり: as soon as; right after ~
Learn how to use なり, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning as soon as or right after, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
なり～なり: [A] or [B] or something; for instance ~
Learn how to use なり～なり, a JLPT N1 pattern for listing options with a suggestion of 'or something similar', including formation, nuance, comparisons, and practice.
なりに / なりの: suitable; in one's own way/style
なりに / なりの means in one's own way, suitable for, acknowledging limitations. Learn JLPT N1 grammar with examples, nuance, comparison, and practice.
なりとも: at least; even just a little
Learn how to use なりとも, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning at least, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
なしに / なしで: without; without doing ~
Learn how to use なしに / なしで, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning without, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に: and; in addition to; the combination of ~
Learn how to use に, an N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'and; in addition to; the combination of ~', with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
に値する: to be worth; to be worthy of; to deserve; to merit
Learn how to use に値する, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning to be worth, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
にあって: at; on; during; in the condition of ~
Learn how to use にあって, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning at, on, during, in the condition of, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に引き換え: compared to; in contrast to; unlike; while; whereas ~
Learn how to use に引き換え, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning compared to, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に至るまで: as far as; up until; everything from ... to ~
Learn how to use に至るまで, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning as far as, up until, everything from ... to ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に至る / に至った: leads to; come to a conclusion
Learn how to use に至る / に至った, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning leads to or come to a conclusion, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に至っても: even if; even though; although something reached the point ~
Learn how to use に至っても, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning even if / even though a situation has reached an extreme point, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
に至っては: when it comes to; as for ~
Learn how to use に至っては, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning when it comes to; as for ~, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
に言わせれば: if you ask; if one may say ~
Learn how to use に言わせれば, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning if you ask, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に限ったことではない: not limited to only ~
N1 grammar に限ったことではない means 'not limited to only ~'. Learn its formation, nuance, uses, and differences from に限らず with examples and JLPT tips.
にかかっては / にかかったら / にかかると / かかれば: when handled by (N), becomes a completely different result
Learn how to use にかかっては / にかかったら / にかかると / かかれば, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning when handled by (N), becomes a completely different result.
にかかっている: depending on; to depend on; whether or not
Master にかかっている, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning 'depending on', with formation, examples, nuance, and comparison to 次第だ.
にかこつけて: to use as a pretext; to use as an excuse
Learn how to use にかこつけて, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to use as a pretext, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
にかまけて: to be too busy; to focus / concentrate only on ~
Learn how to use にかまけて, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to be too busy or to concentrate only on something, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に難くない: easy to do; it’s not hard to (imagine, understand, guess)
Learn N1 Japanese grammar に難くない (ni katakunai): easy to imagine, understand, or guess. Formal nuance, examples, comparison with 言うまでもない, and JLPT tips.
にまつわる: to be related to; to concern; associated with ~
Learn how to use にまつわる, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning related to or associated with, with structure, nuance, examples, comparison, and practice.
に則って: based on; according to; in accordance with ~
Learn how to use に則って (ni nottotte), a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning based on or in accordance with, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
に～を重ねて: success after continuous (effort, work, adjustments, etc.)
Learn how to use に～を重ねて, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning success after continuous effort, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に先駆けて: prior to; to be the first (pioneer); being ahead of ~
Learn how to use に先駆けて, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning prior to, pioneering, ahead of others, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
に忍びない: cannot bring oneself (to do); unable to bear ~
Learn how to use に忍びない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning cannot bring oneself to do or unable to bear, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
にしたところで / としたところで: even if; even supposing that ~
Learn how to use にしたところで/としたところで, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning even if, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
にして: at / on / under certain conditions (time, position, age, number of times)
Learn how to use にして, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning at, on, under certain conditions, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
に即して: according to; in keeping with; to be based on ~
Learn how to use に即して, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning according to, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に耐える / に耐えない: worth doing; can do; cannot bear doing ~
Learn how to use に耐える and に耐えない, JLPT N1 grammar meaning worth doing and cannot bear doing, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に足らない / に足りない: cannot; not worthy; not worth doing ~
Learn how to use に足らない / に足りない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning cannot; not worthy, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
に足る: can do; worthy; worth doing
Learn how to use に足る (ni taru), a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning worthy of doing or sufficient to do, with structure, examples, comparisons, and mistakes.
に照らして: according to; in view of; in light of ~
Learn how to use に照らして (NI TERASHITE), a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning 'according to; in view of; in light of ~', with formation, examples, comparisons, and practice.
にとどまらず: not limited to; not only… but also ~
Learn how to use にとどまらず, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning not limited to, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
には無理がある: difficult to do; is unreasonable / unrealistic / impossible
Learn how to use には無理がある, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning difficult or unreasonable, with formation, nuance, examples, and comparison.
によらず: regardless of ~
Learn how to use によらず, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning regardless of, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
にもほどがある: there is a limit to what is acceptable; to go too far
Learn how to use にもほどがある, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning there is a limit to what is acceptable, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
にも増して: more than…; above ~
Learn how to use にも増して, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning more than…; above ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
には当たらない: it’s not worth; there’s no need to; does not correspond to ~
Learn how to use には当たらない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning it’s not worth; there’s no need to; does not correspond to, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
には及ばない: there is no need to; unnecessary; no match for ~
Learn the JLPT N1 grammar point には及ばない: meaning 'there is no need to' or 'no match for,' with rules, nuance, examples, mistakes, and JLPT insights.
の至り: utmost; extremely ~
Learn how to use の至り, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning utmost or extremely, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
の極み: utmost; extremely ~
Learn how to use の極み, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning utmost; extremely ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
のなんのって: extremely ~ (cannot be expressed in words)
Learn how to use のなんのって, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning extremely; so ... that it's beyond words, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
のやら / ものやら / ことやら: I wonder...; unsure; I don’t know ~
Learn のやら, ものやら, ことやら — JLPT N1 grammar for expressing wonder or uncertainty. Formation, nuance, examples, comparisons, and practice.
のやら～のやら: or ~ (I don't know)
Learn how to use のやら～のやら, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'or ~ (I don't know)', with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
を踏まえて: to be based on; to take into account ~
Learn how to use を踏まえて, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to be based on, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
を経て: through; by way of; after; via ~
Learn how to use を経て, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning through or after, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
を控えて: to be soon; the time has come to; nearby; ahead of ~
Learn how to use を控えて, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning to be soon; ahead of ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
をいいことに: to take advantage of ~
Learn how to use をいいことに, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to take advantage of, with formation, examples, comparisons to を幸いに, and practice.
を顧みず / も顧みず: despite; without considering; not worrying about; regardless of ~
Learn how to use を顧みず / も顧みず, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning despite; without considering; regardless of ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
を限りに: starting from; the last time (ending a continued action)
Learn how to use を限りに, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning 'as of' or 'this will be the last', with structure, examples, comparisons and common mistakes.
を兼ねて: also for the purpose of ~
Learn how to use を兼ねて, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning also for the purpose of ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
を皮切りに: starting with ~; one after another; beginning with ~
Learn how to use を皮切りに, an N1 grammar meaning starting with ~ and then a series of events, with examples, nuance, comparisons, and practice.
を機に: as an opportunity/chance to ~
Learn how to use を機に, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning as an opportunity, with formation, examples, nuance, comparisons, and practice.
を禁じ得ない: can't help but; can't refrain from ~
Learn how to use を禁じ得ない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning can't help but, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
をものともせずに: in defiance of; not losing to / afraid / worrying about ~
Learn how to use をものともせずに, a JLPT N1 Japanese phrase meaning 'in defiance of'—bravely pushing through obstacles without fear or hesitation.
をもって / をもちまして: by means of; with; on / at / as of (time)
Learn how to use をもって / をもちまして, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning by means of; with; on / at / as of (time), with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
をおいて～ない: only; can only be; there is no alternative, only ~
Learn how to use をおいて〜ない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning only, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
を押して / を押し切って: to overcome (opposition); to push past ~
Learn how to use を押して and を押し切って, JLPT N1 grammar meaning to overcome opposition; to push past, with formation, nuance, comparisons, and practice.
を境に: since ~; marks a turning point where everything changes
Learn how to use を境に, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning since ~, which marks a sharp contrast between before and after a specific point in time or event.
を余儀なくされる: to be forced to do something because one has no other choice
Learn how to use を余儀なくされる, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to be forced to do something, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
をよそに: despite; without regards to ~
Learn how to use をよそに, a JLPT N1 grammar meaning despite or without regards to, with formation, examples, comparisons, and common mistakes.
を前提として: with the intention to; on the condition / assumption ~
Learn how to use を前提として, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning with the intention to; on the condition / assumption, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
思いをする: to think; to feel ~
Learn how to use 思いをする, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to think; to feel, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
折に: when; at the time; on the occasion ~
Learn how to use 折に, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning when or on the occasion of, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
およそ: about; roughly; generally; approximately; completely ~
Learn how to use およそ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning about, roughly, completely, with structure, examples, and comparisons.
さ: ending particle; indicates assertion
Learn how to use the sentence-final particle さ, a casual JLPT N1 grammar point that turns statements into confident assertions, with formation, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
さも: really (seem, appear); truly; as if ~
Learn how to use さも, a JLPT N1 Japanese adverb meaning 'as if' or 'truly seeming,' with formation, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
さもないと: otherwise; or else; if not ~
Learn how to use さもないと, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning otherwise, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
さぞ: surely; certainly; no doubt; indeed
Learn how to use さぞ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning surely, certainly, no doubt, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
始末だ: end up; in the end; as a result (negative)
Learn how to use 始末だ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to end up in a negative, often shameful outcome, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
そばから: as soon as; right after ~
Learn how to use そばから, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning as soon as; right after, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
そびれる: to miss a chance; to fail to do ~
Learn how to use そびれる, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to miss a chance, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
損なう / 損ねる / 損じる: to do something wrong; by mistake; to miss a chance; to fail to ~
Learn how to use 損なう, 損ねる, 損じる (to fail to, miss, or bungle something) in Japanese, with structure, nuances, mistakes, and JLPT N1 comparisons.
術がない: there is no way / means; cannot do ~
Learn how to use 術がない, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning there is no way or means, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
すら / ですら: even ~ (with emphasis)
Master the JLPT N1 grammar すら / ですら, meaning 'even' with emphatic nuance. Includes formation, usage, comparison with さえ, examples, and practice.
た弾みに / た拍子に: the moment [A], unintentionally / inadvertently caused something to happen
Learn how to use た弾みに and た拍子に, JLPT N1 Japanese grammar for unintentional results the moment something happens, with structure, examples, and comparisons.
たことにする / たことになる: pretend to; see things as untrue; contrary to the truth ~
Learn how to use たことにする and たことになる, JLPT N1 grammar for pretending or treating things as untrue, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
たところで: even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how)
Learn how to use たところで, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning even if/no matter, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
たつもりはない: have no intention to; didn't mean to ~
Learn how to use たつもりはない, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning to have no intention of having done something, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ただ～のみだ: all we can do is; can do nothing but; only ~
Learn how to use ただ～のみだ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning all we can do is, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ためしがない: is never the case; has never happened; I have never seen or heard of ~
Learn how to use ためしがない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning is never the case, has never happened, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
たら最後 / たが最後: if you do...; once you do, it's all over (negative result)
Master たら最後 / たが最後, an N1 pattern meaning 'once you do, a bad result is inevitable'. Learn formation, nuance, comparisons, and practice.
たら～たで: if / in the case... of course / should ~
Learn how to use たら～たで, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'if / in the case... of course / should ~', with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
たら～ところだ: if... (counterfactual condition), then would be ~
Learn the N1 grammar たら～ところだ: expressing that under a counterfactual condition, the current situation would be on the verge of happening.
たりとも: not even; not any ~
Learn how to use たりとも, a JLPT N1 grammar pattern meaning 'not even; not any ~', with formation, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
たるもの / たる: (those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of ... should ~
Learn how to use たるもの / たる, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning (those) who are; in the capacity of … should ~, with nuance, examples, and comparisons.
て敵わない: can't bear to; unable to; troublesome to; can’t stand to ~
Learn how to use て敵わない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning can't bear to do something, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
てからというもの: ever since ~; after that, things have never been the same
Master てからというもの, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point that marks a turning point after which everything changed, with examples, nuance, and comparisons.
てみせる: I’ll do my best; I'll definitely do; I'll show you ~
Learn how to use てみせる, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning I’ll definitely do, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
てしかるべきだ: should; appropriate; it is natural to do ~
Learn てしかるべきだ, an N1 Japanese grammar point meaning should or appropriate, with formation, nuance, comparisons to べきだ, and practice questions.
て済むことではない: ~ is not enough to solve the problem; cannot be resolved by ~
Learn how to use て済むことではない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning not enough to solve the problem, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
てやまない: always; never stop; can’t help but ~
Learn how to use てやまない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning always or never stop, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
手前: considering; before; in front of; one’s standpoint
Master JLPT N1 grammar 手前 (temae), meaning considering one's standpoint or prior actions, with formation, example sentences, comparisons, and common mistakes.
てもどうにもならない: it's no use; can't do anything
Learn how to use てもどうにもならない, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning it's no use; can't do anything, with formation, examples, comparisons, and mistakes.
ても差し支えない: can ~; it’s okay if ~
Learn how to use ても差し支えない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning can ~; it’s okay if ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ても知らない: if you continue… you’ll end up; I don’t care about it
Learn the JLPT N1 grammar ても知らない, a strong warning that means 'if you keep doing that, don't blame me' or 'I don't care what happens.'
と相まって: together with..., more; because of the influence of..., more ~
Learn how to use と相まって, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning together with…, more, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
とあれば: if it is the case that; if ~
Learn how to use とあれば, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning if it is the case that; if ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
とあって: due to the fact that; because of ~
Learn how to use とあって, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning due to the fact that; because of ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
とばかりに: as if to say; as though~
Learn how to use とばかりに, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning as if to say, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
といえども: even if; even though; despite ~
Learn といえども, a JLPT N1 grammar meaning even if, even though, or despite. Includes formation, nuance, examples, comparison with であっても, and practice.
と言えなくもない: one can even say that; it can also be said that ~
Learn how to use と言えなくもない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning one can even say that, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
といい～といい: both ... and; not only ... also; whether it be ... or ~
Learn how to use といい～といい, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning both ... and, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
といったらない: extremely; nothing more ... than this
Learn how to use といったらない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'extremely; nothing more ... than this', with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
という: all; every single ~ (no exceptions)
Learn how to use という to mean every single one with no exceptions, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
というか～というか: or rather; or perhaps I should say; I mean ~
Learn how to use というか～というか, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar pattern meaning or rather, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
というもの: during; for; since; over a period of time
Learn how to use というもの, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning during; for; since; over a period of time, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
というところだ / といったところだ: at the most; no more than; at best; roughly; about ~
Learn how to use というところだ / といったところだ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning at the most; roughly, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
というわけだ: that's why; no wonder; this means; it is the case that ~
Learn how to use というわけだ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning that's why, no wonder, this means, with structure, nuance, and examples.
というわけではない: it’s not that; it doesn’t mean that ~
Learn how to use というわけではない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning it’s not that, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
といわず～といわず: both; not only A or B, but (overall) ~
Learn how to use といわず～といわず, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning both, not only A or B, but overall, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ときている: because of ~
Learn how to use ときている, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning because of, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
とみると: as soon as one realizes ..., then ~
Learn how to use とみると, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning as soon as one realizes, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
と見るや: at the sight of; upon seeing; after confirming ~
Learn how to use と見るや, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning at the sight of, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
となると / となれば: when it comes to; in such a case; if that happens
Learn how to use となると / となれば, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning when it comes to, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
とされる: is considered to; it is said that ~
Learn how to use とされる, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning 'is considered to; it is said that', with examples, comparisons, and practice.
ときたら: when it comes to; concerning ~
Learn how to use ときたら, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning when it comes to; concerning, with structure, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
ところを: although (it is a certain time/condition); even though normally
Learn the JLPT N1 grammar point ところを, meaning although (a condition) or even though normally, with example sentences and common mistakes.
ともあろうものが: of all people (expression showing surprise at a high standing person's misbehavior)
Learn how to use ともあろうものが, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'of all people' for expressing disbelief at someone's unexpected misbehavior, with structure, examples, nuance, and comparisons.
ともなく / ともなしに: somehow; without knowing; without thinking; unconsciously
Learn how to use ともなく / ともなしに, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning somehow; without thinking; unconsciously, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ともすれば: apt to (do); tend to; liable to; prone to ~
Master ともすれば, an N1 adverbial phrase meaning apt to do, liable to, prone to. Learn formation, nuance, comparison with ともすると, and JLPT test usage.
とも～とも: unable to draw a conclusion; unable to judge
Learn how to use とも～とも (tomo~tomo), a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning unable to draw a conclusion or judge, with examples, formation, and comparisons.
とりわけ: especially; above all ~
Learn how to use とりわけ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning especially; above all, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
としたことが: of all people, who would have thought?
Learn how to use としたことが, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning of all people, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
とっさに: at once; right away; promptly
Learn how to use とっさに, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning at once; right away; promptly, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
とて: even; even if/though ~
Learn とて, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning even or even if, with formation, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons. Master formal concession in Japanese.
とは: I didn't know; I was surprised that; the fact that ~
Learn how to use とは, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point expressing surprise or the fact that, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
とはいえ: though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless
Learn how to use とはいえ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning though, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
とは比べものにならない: can't compare with ~
Learn how to use とは比べものにならない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning can't compare with, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
とは打って変わって / とは打って変わり: unlike; totally different; very different from ~
Learn how to use とは打って変わって/とは打って変わり, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning unlike, totally different, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
つ～つ: and ~ (indicates two contrasting actions)
Learn how to use つ～つ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning and (contrasting actions), with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
尽くす: to use up (completely without anything remaining); to exhaust; to run out of ~
Learn how to use 尽くす, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning to use up completely, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ってば / ったら: speaking of; I told you already; come on (annoyance / dissatisfaction)
Learn how to use ってば / ったら, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point for expressing impatience or dissatisfaction, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
うちに入らない: not really; can't be regarded as ~
Learn how to use うちに入らない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning not really, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
わ: feminine sentence ending particle
Learn how to use the sentence-ending particle わ, a JLPT N1 grammar point for feminine speech, with meaning, formation, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
はどうであれ: however; whatever ~
Learn how to use はどうであれ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning however/whatever ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
はおろか: let alone; not to mention; needless to say ~
Learn how to use はおろか, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning let alone; not to mention, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
はさておき: setting aside ~
Learn how to use はさておき, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning setting aside, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
はそっちのけで / をそっちのけで: ignoring (one thing) for (another); instead of ~
Learn how to use はそっちのけで / をそっちのけで, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning ignoring (one thing) for (another), with structure, examples, and comparisons.
わ〜わで: and (listing negative things happening at the same time)
Learn how to use わ〜わで, a JLPT N1 grammar point meaning and (listing negative things happening at the same time), with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
や否や: as soon as; the moment ~
Learn how to use や否や, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning as soon as; the moment ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
やしない: should do, but don't; absolutely not; there's no way ~
Learn how to use やしない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning should do, but don't; absolutely not; there's no way ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
やれ～やれ: pattern to give two representative examples (usually negative)
Learn how to use やれ～やれ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning giving two representative examples, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ようが～ようが / ようと～ようと: no matter; whether; even if [A] or [B]
Learn how to use ようが～ようが / ようと～ようと, a JLPT N1 grammar meaning no matter whether A or B, with formation, nuance, examples, and comparisons.
ようが / ようと: even if; no matter how/what ~
Learn how to use ようが / ようと, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning even if; no matter how/what, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ようによっては / ようでは: depending on the way; depending on how; according to how ~
Learn how to use ようによっては / ようでは, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning depending on the way, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ようにも～ない: even if I wanted to… I couldn’t ~
Learn how to use ようにも～ない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning even if I wanted to... I couldn't, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ようと～まいと / ようが～まいが: whether or not; regardless
Learn how to use ようと～まいと / ようが～まいが, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning whether or not; regardless, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ゆえに: therefore; consequently; because of; due to ~
Learn how to use ゆえに, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning therefore or because of, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ぞ・ぜ: ending particle; adds force or indicates command
Learn how to use ぞ・ぜ, a JLPT N1 Japanese sentence-ending particle that adds force, commands, or determination. Examples, mistakes, and comparison with よ.
ずじまい: ended up not doing ~
Learn how to use ずじまい, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning ended up not doing, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ずにはおかない / ないではおかない: will definitely do; cannot not ~
Learn how to use ずにはおかない / ないではおかない, JLPT N1 Japanese grammar meaning will definitely do, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ずには済まない / ないでは済まない: must; will definitely; can’t help but
Learn how to use ずには済まない / ないでは済まない, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning must, will definitely, or can’t help but, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ずとも: even without doing; even without being ~
Learn how to use ずとも, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning 'even without doing; even without being ~', with structure, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
ずくめ: completely; entirely; nothing but ~
Learn how to use ずくめ, a JLPT N1 Japanese grammar point meaning completely; entirely; nothing but ~, with structure, nuance, examples, mistakes, and comparisons.
FAQ about JLPT N1 grammar
What grammar points are on the JLPT N1?
JLPT N1 covers highly formal and literary endings (まじき, ずにはおかない, を余儀なくされる), idiomatic expressions (にして, ともなると, とあれば), subjective stance markers (てやまない, てたまらない, ものを), and other patterns. Hane's N1 grammar archive currently has 254 lessons explaining each pattern with structure, meaning, example sentences, nuance, common mistakes, and comparisons to similar grammar.
How long does it take to learn JLPT N1 grammar?
Most learners spend a few months on JLPT N1 grammar with daily review. Using short practice sessions — like the games in the Hane iOS app — speeds up recall because grammar gets mixed with kanji, vocabulary, and reading practice instead of being studied in isolation.
Where should I start with JLPT N1 grammar?
Start by confirming the N2 patterns you already know, then move into the N1 list below in alphabetical order. Each lesson is short and focused, so a few patterns per day is a comfortable pace. Mix grammar reading with active practice in Hane between lessons.
Practice JLPT N1 grammar with Hane
The Hane iOS app turns kanji, kana, vocabulary, grammar, and reading into short practice rounds. Pair the lessons above with quick games to make N1 patterns stick.