JLPT N3 Compound verbs and suffixes

上げる・上がる (ageru): to finish doing

Attach 上げる or 上がる to the stem of a verb to indicate that an action is thoroughly finished or completed. This is a compound verb pattern, not a standalone verb.

彼女は小説を書き上げた。 — She finished writing her novel.

切る (kiru): do completely to the end

Use 切る（きる） when you want to show that an action is finished completely or with full effort.

彼は大きなピザを一人で食べ切った。 — He finished a whole large pizza by himself.

切れない (kirenai): cannot finish doing; too much to complete

Use 切れない（きれない） when you want to show that an action cannot be completed because the amount or feeling is too great.

こんなに多い料理は一人では食べ切れない。 — I cannot finish this much food alone.

かける (kakeru): half-; not yet finished; in the middle of

Use かける when you want to describe an action or state that is interrupted, unfinished, or halfway done.

食べかけのケーキを放置した。 — I left a half-eaten cake.

直す (naosu): do again; redo

Use 直す（なおす） when you want to show doing an action again to fix or improve it.

作文を書き直した。 — I rewrote my essay.

合う (au): do something together; mutually

Use 合う（あう） when you want to express that two or more people perform an action together or toward each other.

みんなで助け合って生きていく。 — We live by helping one another.

込む (komu): do deeply; put into; continue intensely

Use 込む（こむ） when you want to show movement inward or doing an action thoroughly for a long time.

友達と夜遅くまで話し込んだ。 — I got deep into conversation with my friend until late at night.

通す (toosu): continue through to the end

Use 通す（とおす） when you want to show doing something continuously or all the way through.

最後までやり通すことが大切だ。 — It is important to carry it through to the end.

っぱなし (ppanashi): left on; left as is

Use っぱなし when you want to show something is left in the same state, often carelessly.

窓を開けっぱなしにしないでください。 — Please do not leave the window open.

てばかりいる (te bakari iru): do nothing but; keep only doing

Use てばかりいる when you want to criticize or describe someone repeatedly doing only one thing.

弟はゲームをしてばかりいる。 — My younger brother does nothing but play games.

てごらん (te goran): try doing; please look

Use てごらん when you want to gently tell someone to try an action, often toward children or close people.

このケーキを食べてごらん。 — Try eating this cake.

たて (tate): freshly; just done

Use たて when you want to describe something immediately after an action was completed.

焼きたてのパンはいい匂いがする。 — Freshly baked bread smells good.

がち (gachi): tend to; prone to; have a tendency to

Use がち when you want to express that something tends to happen, often with a mild negative connotation.

最近、風邪を引きがちだ。 — I've been prone to catching colds lately.

気味 (gimi): slightly; -like; tending to

Use 気味（ぎみ） when you want to express that someone or something shows a mild tendency or early sign of a state.

っぽい (ppoi): -ish; seems; tends to

Use っぽい when you want to describe something that has a quality or tendency, often slightly negative.

彼は大人なのに、少し子供っぽい。 — He is an adult, but a little childish.

だらけ (darake): full of; covered with (something negative)

Use だらけ when you want to describe something covered in or full of negative or undesirable things.

レポートが間違いだらけだった。 — The report was full of mistakes.

がたい (gatai): very difficult to; hard to

Use がたい when you want to express that an action is extremely difficult to perform, often due to emotional resistance.

そのニュースは信じがたい。 — That news is hard to believe.

的 (teki): -al; -ic; -like

Use 的（てき） when you want to turn many nouns into な-adjectives or adverbs.

もっと具体的に説明してください。 — Please explain more concretely.

向け (muke): intended for; aimed at

Use 向け（むけ） when you want to show the intended audience or target.

これは初心者向けの本です。 — This is a book intended for beginners.

向き (muki): suitable for

Use 向き（むき） when you want to describe what something is suited to.

この靴は長い散歩向きです。 — These shoes are suitable for long walks.