JLPT N3 Adding, listing, and connecting ideas

だけでなく (dake de naku): not only… but also

Use だけでなく when you want to add extra information or emphasize that something applies to more than one thing.

日本だけでなく、韓国でも人気だ。 — It's popular not only in Japan but also in Korea.

ばかりでなく (bakari denaku): not only... but also

Use ばかりでなく when you want to add extra information or emphasize that something applies to more than one thing.

この製品は安いばかりでなく、品質もいい。 — This product is not only cheap, but also high quality.

上に (ue ni): in addition; not only but also

Use 上に（うえに） when you want to add another reason or quality, usually in the same positive or negative direction.

この店は安い上に、おいしい。 — This restaurant is cheap, and on top of that, delicious.

はもちろん (wa mochiron): not to mention; of course

Use はもちろん when you want to say one thing is obvious and add something else too.

彼は英語はもちろん、中国語も話せます。 — He can speak Chinese, not to mention English.

さらに (sara ni): furthermore; even more

Use さらに when you want to add information or show an increased degree.

雨はさらに強くなった。 — The rain became even stronger.

も～ば～も (mo ba mo): both; also; neither nor

Use も～ば～も when you want to list two parallel qualities or options.

彼は英語も話せば、中国語も話す。 — He speaks both English and Chinese.

なんか / なんて / など (nanka nante nado): things like; such as; something like

Use なんか / なんて / など when you want to give examples, soften, or belittle something.

私なんかまだまだです。 — Someone like me still has a long way to go.

か何か (ka nani ka): or something; or whatever

Use か何か（かなにか） when you want to express vagueness, uncertainty, or casual dismissal about what something might be.

それとも (soretomo): or; or else

Use それとも when you want to connect alternative questions or choices.

コーヒーにしますか、それとも紅茶にしますか。 — Will you have coffee, or tea?

例えば (tatoeba): for example; for instance

Use 例えば（たとえば） when you want to introduce an example that makes an explanation easier to understand.

日本料理、例えば寿司や天ぷらは海外でも人気です。 — Japanese food, for example sushi and tempura, is popular overseas too.

つまり (tsumari): in other words; in short

Use つまり when you want to summarize, restate, or draw a conclusion.

彼は来ない。つまり、私たちだけで始める必要がある。 — He is not coming. In other words, we need to start by ourselves.

すなわち (sunawachi): in other words; namely

Use すなわち when you want to restate or define something more clearly.

日本の首都、すなわち東京は大きな都市です。 — Japan’s capital, namely Tokyo, is a large city.

さて (sate): well; now then

Use さて when you want to shift the topic or begin the next stage of speech.

さて、そろそろ始めましょう。 — Well then, let’s get started.

ところで (tokoro de): by the way

Use ところで when you want to change the topic or introduce a new question.

ところで、明日の予定は決まりましたか。 — By the way, have tomorrow's plans been decided?

と言えば (to ieba): speaking of; when it comes to

Use と言えば（といえば） when you want to bring up something associated with a topic.

日本料理と言えば、寿司を思い出します。 — Speaking of Japanese food, I think of sushi.

と言うと (to iu to): speaking of; when you say

Use と言うと（というと） when you want to ask for or introduce what someone associates with a word or topic.

夏というと、海を思い出します。 — Speaking of summer, I think of the sea.

は別として (wa betsu toshite): apart from; aside from

Use は別として（はべつとして） when you want to set one issue aside before discussing the main point.

値段は別として、このデザインは好きです。 — Apart from the price, I like this design.

は～で有名 (wa de yuumei): famous for

Use は～で有名（は～でゆうめい） when you want to describe what a person, place, or thing is known for.

京都は古いお寺で有名です。 — Kyoto is famous for old temples.